A reflection is when the graph is flipped across the x-axis. We see a reflection in an equation whenever there is a negative sign in front of the highest exponent, or in front of x if there isn't an exponent. The equations below all have reflections:
y = -x^2 + 4
y = -x^3 + 2x
y = -4^x
A dilation makes the graph bigger or smaller. The graph becomes bigger when there is a number in front of the x. If the number is a fraction, the graph becomes bigger/wider. If the number is a whole number, the graph becomes smaller/thinner. Examples:
y = 3x^2
y = 1/3x^3
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